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Brief intro to PROGESTERONE:
Progesterone is one of two female sex hormones, the other being estrogen. Its main functions are regulating menstruation and supporting pregnancy in the female body.
What are its functions?
Progesterone is produced in the corpus luteum of the ovaries. This is a temporary gland that’s produced following the release of an egg from the ovary. The adrenal glands and the placenta can also produce progesterone.
During the menstrual cycle
In the middle of a person’s menstrual cycle, a rise in levels of luteinizing hormone leads to ovulation. Ovulation refers to the release of an egg from one of the two ovaries. Once the egg is released, the corpus luteum forms and begins producing progesterone.
Progesterone helps to prepare the body for pregnancy by stimulating glandular development and the development of new blood vessels. This provides a good environment for implantation by a fertilized egg.
If the egg isn’t fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a drop in progesterone levels. This decrease causes the endometrium to break down, causing the beginning of a menstrual period.
During pregnancy
If an egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum doesn’t break down and continues to produce progesterone. This progesterone stimulates blood vessels to supply the endometrium. It also prompts the endometrium to provide nutrients to the developing embryo.
Once the placenta has formed, it also produces progesterone. Eventually, the placenta becomes to primary producer of progesterone.
Levels of progesterone remain elevated throughout pregnancy. These elevated levels also prevent the body from producing additional eggs during the pregnancy.
Eventually, progesterone also helps to trigger lactation.
In males
Progesterone is also produced in the adrenal glands of males. Its function is associated with sperm development.